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Startup or Run Key Registry Modification

Identifies run key or startup key registry modifications. In order to survive reboots and other system interrupts, attackers will modify run keys within the registry or leverage startup folder items as a form of persistence.

Rule type: eql
Rule indices:

  • logs-endpoint.events.registry-*

Rule Severity: low
Risk Score: 21
Runs every:
Searches indices from: now-9m
Maximum alerts per execution: ?
References:

Tags:

  • Domain: Endpoint
  • OS: Windows
  • Use Case: Threat Detection
  • Tactic: Persistence
  • Resources: Investigation Guide
  • Data Source: Elastic Endgame
  • Data Source: Elastic Defend

Version: ?
Rule authors:

  • Elastic

Rule license: Elastic License v2

Adversaries may achieve persistence by referencing a program with a registry run key. Adding an entry to the run keys in the registry will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in. These programs will executed under the context of the user and will have the account's permissions. This rule looks for this behavior by monitoring a range of registry run keys.

Note: This investigation guide uses the Osquery Markdown Plugin introduced in Elastic Stack version 8.5.0. Older Elastic Stack versions will display unrendered Markdown in this guide.

  • Investigate the process execution chain (parent process tree) for unknown processes. Examine their executable files for prevalence, whether they are located in expected locations, and if they are signed with valid digital signatures.
  • Investigate other alerts associated with the user/host during the past 48 hours.
  • Validate if the activity is not related to planned patches, updates, network administrator activity, or legitimate software installations.
  • Assess whether this behavior is prevalent in the environment by looking for similar occurrences across hosts.
  • Examine the host for derived artifacts that indicate suspicious activities:
    • Analyze the process executable using a private sandboxed analysis system.
    • Observe and collect information about the following activities in both the sandbox and the alert subject host:
      • Attempts to contact external domains and addresses.
        • Use the Elastic Defend network events to determine domains and addresses contacted by the subject process by filtering by the process' process.entity_id.
        • Examine the DNS cache for suspicious or anomalous entries.
          • $osquery_0
      • Use the Elastic Defend registry events to examine registry keys accessed, modified, or created by the related processes in the process tree.
      • Examine the host services for suspicious or anomalous entries.
        • $osquery_1
        • $osquery_2
        • $osquery_3
    • Retrieve the files' SHA-256 hash values using the PowerShell Get-FileHash cmdlet and search for the existence and reputation of the hashes in resources like VirusTotal, Hybrid-Analysis, CISCO Talos, Any.run, etc.
  • Investigate potentially compromised accounts. Analysts can do this by searching for login events (for example, 4624) to the target host after the registry modification.
  • There is a high possibility of benign legitimate programs being added to registry run keys. This activity could be based on new software installations, patches, or any kind of network administrator related activity. Before undertaking further investigation, verify that this activity is not benign.
  • Suspicious Startup Shell Folder Modification - c8b150f0-0164-475b-a75e-74b47800a9ff
  • Persistent Scripts in the Startup Directory - f7c4dc5a-a58d-491d-9f14-9b66507121c0
  • Startup Folder Persistence via Unsigned Process - 2fba96c0-ade5-4bce-b92f-a5df2509da3f
  • Startup Persistence by a Suspicious Process - 440e2db4-bc7f-4c96-a068-65b78da59bde
  • Initiate the incident response process based on the outcome of the triage.
  • Isolate the involved host to prevent further post-compromise behavior.
  • If the triage identified malware, search the environment for additional compromised hosts.
    • Implement temporary network rules, procedures, and segmentation to contain the malware.
    • Stop suspicious processes.
    • Immediately block the identified indicators of compromise (IoCs).
    • Inspect the affected systems for additional malware backdoors like reverse shells, reverse proxies, or droppers that attackers could use to reinfect the system.
  • Remove and block malicious artifacts identified during triage.
  • Investigate credential exposure on systems compromised or used by the attacker to ensure all compromised accounts are identified. Reset passwords for these accounts and other potentially compromised credentials, such as email, business systems, and web services.
  • Run a full antimalware scan. This may reveal additional artifacts left in the system, persistence mechanisms, and malware components.
  • Determine the initial vector abused by the attacker and take action to prevent reinfection through the same vector.
  • Using the incident response data, update logging and audit policies to improve the mean time to detect (MTTD) and the mean time to respond (MTTR).
registry where host.os.type == "windows" and event.type == "change" and
 registry.data.strings != null and registry.hive : ("HKEY_USERS", "HKLM") and
 registry.path : (
     /* Machine Hive */
     "HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\*",
     "HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce\\*",
     "HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx\\*",
     "HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run\\*",
     "HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Shell\\*",
     /* Users Hive */
     "HKEY_USERS\\*\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\*",
     "HKEY_USERS\\*\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce\\*",
     "HKEY_USERS\\*\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx\\*",
     "HKEY_USERS\\*\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run\\*",
     "HKEY_USERS\\*\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Shell\\*"
     ) and
  /* add common legitimate changes without being too restrictive as this is one of the most abused AESPs */
  not registry.data.strings : "ctfmon.exe /n" and
  not (registry.value : "Application Restart #*" and process.name : "csrss.exe") and
  not user.id : ("S-1-5-18", "S-1-5-19", "S-1-5-20") and
  not registry.data.strings : ("?:\\Program Files\\*.exe", "?:\\Program Files (x86)\\*.exe") and
  not process.executable : ("?:\\Windows\\System32\\msiexec.exe", "?:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\msiexec.exe") and
  not (
    /* Logitech G Hub */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Logitech Inc" and
      (
        process.name : "lghub_agent.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "\"?:\\Program Files\\LGHUB\\lghub.exe\" --background",
          "\"?:\\Program Files\\LGHUB\\system_tray\\lghub_system_tray.exe\" --minimized"
        )
      ) or
      (
        process.name : "LogiBolt.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "?:\\Program Files\\Logi\\LogiBolt\\LogiBolt.exe --startup",
          "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Logi\\LogiBolt\\LogiBolt.exe --startup"
        )
      )
    ) or

    /* Google Drive File Stream, Chrome, and Google Update */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Google LLC" and
      (
        process.name : "GoogleDriveFS.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "\"?:\\Program Files\\Google\\Drive File Stream\\*\\GoogleDriveFS.exe\" --startup_mode"
        ) or

        process.name : "chrome.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "\"?:\\Program Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe\" --no-startup-window /prefetch:5",
          "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe\" --no-startup-window /prefetch:5"
        ) or

        process.name : ("GoogleUpdate.exe", "updater.exe") and registry.data.strings : (
          "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Update\\*\\GoogleUpdateCore.exe\"",
          "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\GoogleUpdater\\*\\updater.exe\" --wake"
        )
      )
    ) or

    /* MS Programs */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name in ("Microsoft Windows", "Microsoft Corporation") and
      (
        process.name : "msedge.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe\" --no-startup-window --win-session-start /prefetch:5",
          "\"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe\" --win-session-start",
          "\"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe\" --no-startup-window --win-session-start"
        ) or

        process.name : ("Update.exe", "Teams.exe", "ms-teamsupdate.exe") and registry.data.strings : (
          "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Teams\\Update.exe --processStart \"Teams.exe\" --process-start-args \"--system-initiated\"",
          "?:\\ProgramData\\*\\Microsoft\\Teams\\Update.exe --processStart \"Teams.exe\" --process-start-args \"--system-initiated\"",
          "ms-teamsupdate.exe -UninstallT20"
        ) or

        process.name : ("OneDrive*.exe", "Microsoft.SharePoint.exe") and registry.data.strings : (
            "?:\\Program Files\\Microsoft OneDrive\\OneDrive.exe /background *",
            "?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft OneDrive\\OneDrive.exe /background*",
            "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft OneDrive\\OneDrive.exe\" /background*",
            "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\OneDrive\\OneDrive.exe\" /background",
            "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\OneDrive\\??.???.????.????\\Microsoft.SharePoint.exe",
            "?:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe /q /c * \"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\OneDrive\\*\""
        ) or

        process.name : "MicrosoftEdgeUpdate.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\EdgeUpdate\\*\\MicrosoftEdgeUpdateCore.exe\""
        ) or

        process.executable : "?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\EdgeWebView\\Application\\*\\Installer\\setup.exe" and
        registry.data.strings : (
          "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\EdgeWebView\\Application\\*\\Installer\\setup.exe\" --msedgewebview --delete-old-versions --system-level --verbose-logging --on-logon"
        ) or

        process.name : "BingWallpaper.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "C:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\*\\UnInstDaemon.exe"
        ) or

        /* Discord Update.exe via reg.exe */
        process.name : "reg.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "\"C:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Discord\\Update.exe\" --processStart Discord.exe"
        )
      )
    ) or

    /* Slack */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name in (
       "Slack Technologies, Inc.", "Slack Technologies, LLC"
      ) and process.name : "slack.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\slack\\slack.exe\" --process-start-args --startup",
        "\"?:\\ProgramData\\*\\slack\\slack.exe\" --process-start-args --startup",
        "\"?:\\Program Files\\Slack\\slack.exe\" --process-start-args --startup"
      )
    ) or

    /* Cisco */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name in ("Cisco WebEx LLC", "Cisco Systems, Inc.") and
      (
        process.name : "WebexHost.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\WebEx\\WebexHost.exe\" /daemon /runFrom=autorun"
        )
      ) or
      (
        process.name : "CiscoJabber.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
          "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Cisco Systems\\Cisco Jabber\\CiscoJabber.exe\" /min"
        )
      )
    ) or

    /* Loom */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Loom, Inc." and
      process.name : "Loom.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Loom\\Loom.exe --process-start-args \"--loomHidden\""
      )
    ) or

    /* Adobe */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Adobe Inc." and
      process.name : ("Acrobat.exe", "FlashUtil32_*_Plugin.exe") and registry.data.strings : (
        "\"?:\\Program Files\\Adobe\\Acrobat DC\\Acrobat\\AdobeCollabSync.exe\"",
        "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Adobe\\Acrobat DC\\Acrobat\\AdobeCollabSync.exe\"",
        "?:\\WINDOWS\\SysWOW64\\Macromed\\Flash\\FlashUtil32_*_Plugin.exe -update plugin"
      )
    ) or

    /* CCleaner */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and
      process.code_signature.subject_name in ("PIRIFORM SOFTWARE LIMITED", "Gen Digital Inc.") and
      process.name : ("CCleanerBrowser.exe", "CCleaner64.exe") and registry.data.strings : (
        "\"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\CCleaner Browser\\Application\\CCleanerBrowser.exe\" --check-run=src=logon --auto-launch-at-startup --profile-directory=\"Default\"",
        "\"C:\\Program Files\\CCleaner\\CCleaner64.exe\" /MONITOR"
      )
    ) or

    /* Opera */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Opera Norway AS" and
      process.name : ("opera.exe", "assistant_installer.exe") and registry.data.strings : (
        "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Opera\\launcher.exe",
        "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Opera\\opera.exe",
        "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Opera GX\\launcher.exe",
        "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Opera GX\\opera.exe",
        "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Opera\\assistant\\browser_assistant.exe"
      )
    ) or

    /* Avast */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Avast Software s.r.o." and
      process.name : "AvastBrowser.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\AVAST Software\\Browser\\Application\\AvastBrowser.exe\" --check-run=src=logon --auto-launch-at-startup*",
        "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\AVAST Software\\Browser\\Application\\AvastBrowser.exe\" --check-run=src=logon --auto-launch-at-startup*",
        ""
      )
    ) or

    /* Grammarly */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Grammarly, Inc." and
      process.name : "GrammarlyInstaller.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Grammarly\\DesktopIntegrations\\Grammarly.Desktop.exe",
        "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Grammarly\\DesktopIntegrations\\Grammarly.Desktop.exe\""
      )
    ) or

    /* AVG */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "AVG Technologies USA, LLC" and
      process.name : "AVGBrowser.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "\"C:\\Program Files\\AVG\\Browser\\Application\\AVGBrowser.exe\"*",
        "\"C:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\AVG\\Browser\\Application\\AVGBrowser.exe\"*"
      )
    ) or

    /* HP */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "HP Inc." and
      process.name : "ScanToPCActivationApp.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "\"C:\\Program Files\\HP\\HP*"
      )
    ) or

    /* 1Password */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Agilebits" and
      process.name : "1PasswordSetup*.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "\"C:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\1Password\\app\\?\\1Password.exe\" --silent"
      )
    ) or

    /* OpenVPN */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "OpenVPN Inc." and
      process.name : "OpenVPNConnect.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN Connect\\OpenVPNConnect.exe --opened-at-login --minimize"
      )
    ) or

    /* Docker */
    (
      process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Docker Inc" and
      process.name: "com.docker.backend.exe" and registry.data.strings : (
        "C:\\Program Files\\Docker\\Docker\\Docker Desktop.exe -Autostart"
      )
    )
  )

Framework: MITRE ATT&CK